全文搜索ElasticSearch（一）数据的增删改查
ElasticSearch采用Java编写，提供简单易用的RESTFul API。我们可以直接通过API接口进行操作。 笔者使用的ElasticSearch版本：elasticsearch-6.3.0
API基本格式 http://
# 索引创建
# 非结构化创建
使用Head插件直接点击添加索引创建。 直接请求创建 $ curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/book
# 结构化创建
方式1：首先创建book索引
PUT http://localhost:9200/book。
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再添加novel类型以及定义结构。
POST http://localhost:9200/book/novel/_mappings
{
"novel": {
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
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方式2：直接创建people结构化索引指定配置信息已经数据结构。
// 创建
PUT http://localhost:9200/people
{
"settings":{
"number_of_shards": 3,
"number_of_replicas": 1
},
"mappings":{
"man":{
"properties":{
"name":{
"type":"text"
},
"country":{
"type":"keyword"
},
"age":{
"type":"integer"
},
"date":{
"type":"date",
"format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss || yyyy-MM-dd || epoch_millis"
}
}
},
"woman":{
}
}
}
// 响应
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true
}
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# 查看索引信息
查询一个索引是否为结构化索引，我们只需要查询索引信息，然后查看mappings属性是否有值，如果为空，则为非结构化索引，如果有相关的属性值，则是结构化索引。下面查看book索引信息：
GET http://localhost:9200/book?pretty=true
{
"book": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"novel": {
"properties": {
"title": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1523851142335",
"number_of_shards": "5",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "nbQPVXqqR--eRy_1S3OZqw",
"version": {
"created": "5050199"
},
"provided_name": "book"
}
}
}
}
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# 数据插入
# 根据文档ID插入
直接POST请求 http://
POST http://localhost:9200/people/man/1
{
"name":"达西",
"conuntry":"China",
"age":24,
"date":"1994-11-01"
}
// 响应
{
"_index": "people",
"_type": "man",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": true
}
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# 自动生成文档ID插入
在发起POST请求的时候，不指定ID的值，ES会自动生成一个ID值。
POST http://localhost:9200/people/man
{
"name":"超级玛丽",
"conuntry":"China",
"age":24,
"date":"1994-11-01"
}
// 响应
{
"_index": "people",
"_type": "man",
"_id": "AWLNIi3-QcKhhHA2xN6t", // 自动生成的ID值
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": true
}
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# 数据修改
# 直接修改
修改people索引中类型为man的ID为1的文档的name字段值为“曹操”
POST http://localhost:9200/people/man/1/_update
{
"doc":{
"name":"曹操"
}
}
// 响应
{
"_index": "people",
"_type": "man",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 5,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
}
}
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# 脚本修改
修改people索引中类型为man的ID为1的文档的age字段值为自增10。
POST http://localhost:9200/people/man/1/_update
{
"script":{
"lang":"painless",
"inline":"ctx._source.age+=10"
}
}
// 响应
{
"_index": "people",
"_type": "man",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 9,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
}
}
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另外一种方式
POST http://localhost:9200/people/man/1/_update
{
"script":{
"lang":"painless",
"inline":"ctx._source.age=params.age",
"params":{
"age":900
}
}
}
// 响应
{
"_index": "people",
"_type": "man",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 10,
"result": "updated",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
}
}
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# 删除
# 文档删除
删除people索引中类型为man，ID为1的文档。
DELETE http://localhost:9200/people/man/1
// 响应
{
"found": true,
"_index": "people",
"_type": "man",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 11,
"result": "deleted",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
}
}
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# 索引删除
删除people索引
DELETE http://localhost:9200/people
// 响应
{
"acknowledged": true
}
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# 基本查询
# 数据准备
创建book索引，设置结构：
POST http://localhost:9200/book/novel/_mappings
{
"novel":{
"properties":{
"title":{
"type":"text"
},
"author":{
"type":"text"
},
"word_count":{
"type":"integer"
},
"publish_date":{
"type":"date",
"format":"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss || yyyy-MM-dd || epoch_millis"
}
}
}
}
// 响应
{
"acknowledged": true
}
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录入用于测试的数据：
{"title":"超级玛丽秘籍","author":"王五","word_count":5000,"publish_date":"1994-11-01"}
{"title":"三国志","author":"陈寿","word_count":30000,"publish_date":"1995-11-01"}
{"title":"三国演绎","author":"罗贯中","word_count":30000,"publish_date":"1994-03-01"}
{"title":"玛丽与管道工","author":"玛丽","word_count":10000,"publish_date":"1994-03-01"}
{"title":"史记","author":"司马迁","word_count":20000,"publish_date":"1994-08-01"}
{"title":"如何蹦的更高","author":"玛丽","word_count":20000,"publish_date":"1994-08-01"}
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# 查询
# 全部查询
查询book索引中类型为novel的所有文档信息。
GET localhost:9200/book/novel/_search?pretty=true
// 响应
{
"took" : 80, // 花费时间
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 5,
"successful" : 5,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : 5, //总条数
"max_score" : 1.0,
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "novel",
"_id" : "AWLOAAZzQcKhhHA2xN6z",
"_score" : 1.0, //评分
"_source" : {
"title" : "超级玛丽秘籍",
"author" : "王五",
"word_count" : 5000,
"publish_date" : "1994-11-01"
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "novel",
"_id" : "AWLOAEe5QcKhhHA2xN62",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"title" : "玛丽与管道工",
"author" : "陈寿",
"word_count" : 10000,
"publish_date" : "1994-03-01"
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "novel",
"_id" : "AWLOAB8bQcKhhHA2xN60",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"title" : "三国志",
"author" : "陈寿",
"word_count" : 30000,
"publish_date" : "1995-11-01"
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "novel",
"_id" : "AWLOADU4QcKhhHA2xN61",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"title" : "三国演绎",
"author" : "罗贯中",
"word_count" : 30000,
"publish_date" : "1994-03-01"
}
},
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "novel",
"_id" : "AWLOAFiZQcKhhHA2xN63",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"title" : "史记",
"author" : "司马迁",
"word_count" : 20000,
"publish_date" : "1994-08-01"
}
}
]
}
}
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# 精确查询
查询book索引中类型为novel的ID为AWLOAFiZQcKhhHA2xN63的文档信息。
GET localhost:9200/book/novel/AWLOAFiZQcKhhHA2xN63?pretty=true
// 响应
{
"_index" : "book",
"_type" : "novel",
"_id" : "AWLOAFiZQcKhhHA2xN63",
"_version" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"title" : "史记",
"author" : "司马迁",
"word_count" : 20000,
"publish_date" : "1994-08-01"
}
}
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# 限制查询条数
搜索从第一条开始的1条数据。
POST http://localhost:9200/book/novel/_search
{
"query":{
"match_all":{}
},
"from":1,
"size":1
}
// 响应
{
"took": 37,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 5,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAEe5QcKhhHA2xN62",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "玛丽与管道工",
"author": "陈寿",
"word_count": 10000,
"publish_date": "1994-03-01"
}
}
]
}
}
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# 关键词排序查询
查询标题里含有“三国”的书籍，并且按出版日期降序排列。
POST http://localhost:9200/book/novel/_search
{
"query":{
"match":{
"title":"三国"
}
},
"sort":[
{
"publish_date":{"order":"desc"}
}
]
}
// 响应
{
"took": 200,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 0.34450945,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAB8bQcKhhHA2xN60",
"_score": 0.34450945,
"_source": {
"title": "三国志",
"author": "陈寿",
"word_count": 30000,
"publish_date": "1995-11-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOADU4QcKhhHA2xN61",
"_score": 0.34450945,
"_source": {
"title": "三国演绎",
"author": "罗贯中",
"word_count": 30000,
"publish_date": "1994-03-01"
}
}
]
}
}
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# 聚合查询
类似于数据库中的分组查询，下面的例子演示按照书籍字数统计数据，按照发布时间统计数量。
POST http://localhost:9200/book/novel/_search
{
"aggs":{
"group_by_word_count":{
"terms":{
"field":"word_count"
}
},
"group_by_author":{
"terms":{
"field":"publish_date"
}
}
}
}
// 响应
{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 5,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAAZzQcKhhHA2xN6z",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "超级玛丽秘籍",
"author": "王五",
"word_count": 5000,
"publish_date": "1994-11-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAEe5QcKhhHA2xN62",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "玛丽与管道工",
"author": "陈寿",
"word_count": 10000,
"publish_date": "1994-03-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAB8bQcKhhHA2xN60",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "三国志",
"author": "陈寿",
"word_count": 30000,
"publish_date": "1995-11-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOADU4QcKhhHA2xN61",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "三国演绎",
"author": "罗贯中",
"word_count": 30000,
"publish_date": "1994-03-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAFiZQcKhhHA2xN63",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "史记",
"author": "司马迁",
"word_count": 20000,
"publish_date": "1994-08-01"
}
}
]
},
"aggregations": {
"group_by_word_count": {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
"sum_other_doc_count": 0,
"buckets": [
{
"key": 30000,
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": 5000,
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": 10000,
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": 20000,
"doc_count": 1
}
]
},
"group_by_author": {
"doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
"sum_other_doc_count": 0,
"buckets": [
{
"key": 762480000000,
"key_as_string": "1994-03-01 00:00:00",
"doc_count": 2
},
{
"key": 775699200000,
"key_as_string": "1994-08-01 00:00:00",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": 783648000000,
"key_as_string": "1994-11-01 00:00:00",
"doc_count": 1
},
{
"key": 815184000000,
"key_as_string": "1995-11-01 00:00:00",
"doc_count": 1
}
]
}
}
}
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# 统计查询
聚合查询也可以用于查询统计信息，下面的例子演示统计书籍字数信息，统计书籍字数最小的字数信息。
POST http://localhost:9200/book/novel/_search
{
"aggs":{
"grades_word_count":{
"stats":{
"field":"word_count"
}
},
"min_word_count":{
"min":{
"field":"word_count"
}
}
}
}
// 响应
{
"took": 44,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 5,
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAAZzQcKhhHA2xN6z",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "超级玛丽秘籍",
"author": "王五",
"word_count": 5000,
"publish_date": "1994-11-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAEe5QcKhhHA2xN62",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "玛丽与管道工",
"author": "陈寿",
"word_count": 10000,
"publish_date": "1994-03-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAB8bQcKhhHA2xN60",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "三国志",
"author": "陈寿",
"word_count": 30000,
"publish_date": "1995-11-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOADU4QcKhhHA2xN61",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "三国演绎",
"author": "罗贯中",
"word_count": 30000,
"publish_date": "1994-03-01"
}
},
{
"_index": "book",
"_type": "novel",
"_id": "AWLOAFiZQcKhhHA2xN63",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"title": "史记",
"author": "司马迁",
"word_count": 20000,
"publish_date": "1994-08-01"
}
}
]
},
"aggregations": {
"grades_word_count": {
"count": 5,
"min": 5000,
"max": 30000,
"avg": 19000,
"sum": 95000
},
"min_word_count": {
"value": 5000
}
}
}
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# 参考资料
Elasticsearch Reference (opens new window) Elasticsearch: 权威指南 (opens new window) (低版本)
文章作者： 程序猿阿朗
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